Exam #1 rules of engagement

Before you start. This is a simulation, not a study session. Rules of engagement:

• Time it for real: 45 minutes for the practice MCQ set, 45 minutes for the FRQ set (half-scale of the real sections to fit a study sitting — the pacing math carries over).
• No notes, no re-runs mid-exam. Answer everything; blanks score zero.
• MCQ protocol: your submission must print the option letter followed by a one-sentence justification. On the real exam you justify nothing — here, the justification is your permanent record of why, and the analysis step reads it back.

Everything in this exam is original; no released College Board questions are reproduced. When you finish, do the debrief in the same sitting: the exam's value is 50% taking it, 50% reading the wreckage honestly.