Select-transform pipelines

Integrated problems combine units the way the exam does. A single question may demand: an ArrayList of objects, a traversal, a String method, and a boolean contract. The strategy:

1. Inventory — list the types in play (ArrayList<Song>, int, boolean). Each type names a toolbox from an earlier module.
2. Decompose — one method per sub-task. "Find the best" and "print the report" are two methods, not one tangled loop.
3. Contract per method — one sentence: what goes in, what comes out, what's guaranteed.
4. Assemble — the driver method calls the pieces in order.

// Pieces: findBest(list), countBelow(list, cut)
public static ArrayList<String> topNames(ArrayList<Song> list, int cut) {
    ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
    for (Song s : list) {
        if (s.getPlays() >= cut) {
            names.add(s.getTitle());
        }
    }
    return names;
}

Notice the pattern: select (filter by plays) + transform (extract title). Most integrated FRQs are two or three patterns glued together — recognizing the glue is the skill.