Reading unfamiliar code

Reading unfamiliar code — the exam's Unit-weighted core skill. The methodical pass:

1. Inventory the members: fields, constructors, methods. Private? Static? One line each.
2. For each method: precondition → postcondition in your own words.
3. Trace the call sequence the question names, one row per call, every field updated per row.
4. Answer from the table, never from vibes.

public static class Meter {
    private int units;
    private int cap;

    public Meter(int cap) { this.cap = cap; this.units = 0; }

    public void tick() {
        if (units < cap) { units++; }
    }

    public boolean overflowed() { return units == cap; }
}

What does this print?

Meter m = new Meter(2);
m.tick(); m.tick(); m.tick();
System.out.println(m.overflowed());

Trace: tick→1, tick→2, tick→no-op (cap). overflowed() → true. If you got that by tracing instead of pattern-matching "ticks past cap", the course did its job — the cap is a boundary, and boundaries are where the exam lives.