Operators & Precedence

Arithmetic

| Operator | Does | Example | | --- | --- | --- | | + - * | add, subtract, multiply | 2 * 3 → 6 | | / | true division (always float) | 7 / 2 → 3.5 | | // | floor division (drops remainder) | 7 // 2 → 3 | | % | modulo (remainder) | 7 % 2 → 1 | | ** | power | 2 ** 10 → 1024 |

// and % are a pair: how many whole times does 2 fit into 7 (3), and what is left over (1). Even/odd checks, cycling through positions, splitting items into groups — modulo is everywhere.

Comparison operators

age == 18    # equals (two signs — one sign is assignment!)
age != 18    # not equals
age < 18     # less than
age >= 18    # greater or equal

Comparisons produce booleans: True or False.

Combining conditions

age >= 13 and age <= 19   # both must hold
day == "sat" or day == "sun"
not is_empty

Precedence

** beats * / // % which beat + -; parentheses win over everything:

2 + 3 * 4     # 14 — not 20
(2 + 3) * 4   # 20

Augmented assignment

score += 5    # same as score = score + 5
count -= 1
name *= 2